Your debt solutions
Every option explained, in plain English
There's no one-size-fits-all answer. The right solution depends on what you owe, your income and your circumstances. Here's an overview of the main options available in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Breathing Space
Temporary protection
A government scheme that gives you legal protection from creditors for 60 days while you get advice and decide on a longer-term solution. It must be applied for through an authorised debt adviser.
- Suits: anyone needing urgent breathing room
- Length: 60 days
- Cost: free
Bailiff action: most enforcement action, including bailiffs, is paused and interest is frozen for 60 days. Some debts, such as criminal fines, are not covered.
Payment Arrangement
Informal
An agreement made directly with your creditor or the enforcement company to pay what you owe in affordable instalments. Useful where there is only one or a small number of debts.
- Suits: smaller or single debts
- Length: until repaid
- Cost: usually free
Bailiff action: visits will usually stop while the agreed payments are maintained, but the creditor isn't legally bound and further fees may still apply.
Debt Management Plan (DMP)
Informal
A flexible plan where you make one monthly payment that's shared between your non-priority creditors. You repay your debts in full, at a rate you can afford, and can end the plan at any time.
- Suits: people who can repay over time
- Length: until debts are repaid
- Cost: free and fee-charging providers available
Bailiff action: creditors often agree to hold action once a plan is in place, but because a DMP is not legally binding, they are not obliged to.
Individual Voluntary Arrangement (IVA)
Formal · Legally binding
A formal agreement with your creditors, arranged by a licensed Insolvency Practitioner. You make one affordable monthly payment, usually for 5 or 6 years, and any remaining balance on the included debts is written off at the end.
- Suits: people with a regular income and several debts
- Length: usually 5–6 years
- Cost: fees included in your monthly payment
Bailiff action: once agreed by your creditors, an IVA is legally binding on all creditors included in it. They can no longer take enforcement action, including the use of bailiffs, for the debts covered. This protection does not apply to criminal matters, such as magistrates' court fines, which cannot be included in an IVA.
Debt Relief Order (DRO)
Formal · Legally binding
A low-cost formal option for people with lower levels of debt, very little spare income and few assets. Qualifying debts are written off after 12 months. Eligibility criteria apply and vary across the UK.
- Suits: lower debts, little spare income, non-homeowners
- Length: 12 months
- Cost: low or no application fee
Bailiff action: creditors named in the order cannot take enforcement action for those debts without court permission. Criminal fines are not included.
Bankruptcy
Formal · Legally binding
A formal process for people who can't repay their debts. Most debts are written off, usually after 12 months, but assets – which may include your home – can be sold to repay creditors.
- Suits: serious debt with no realistic way to repay
- Length: usually 12 months (longer for some payments)
- Cost: application fee payable
Bailiff action: most creditors can no longer take action against you for debts included in the bankruptcy. Criminal fines and some other debts are not covered.